The Difference between Transient & Permanent Faults

Transient Fault

• Transient faults are those that disappear when power is interrupted and then restored.
• Often caused by occurrences like lightning, momentary tree contact, or contact with animals.
• In such cases, the line can be successfully re-closed after it's been tripped.

Source: A.A.Z. Zin, S.P.A. Karim, The application of fault signature analysis in Tenaga Nasional Berhad Malaysia

Permanent Fault

• Permanent faults persist even when power is restored.
• These faults stem from prolonged issues such as tree or crane encroachment, insulation breakdown, tower collapse, or cable damage.
• Reclosing the line fails because the fault persists during the attempt to restore it.

Source: A.A.Z. Zin, S.P.A. Karim, The application of fault signature analysis in Tenaga Nasional Berhad Malaysia

Involved in STEM Program at Primary School Sekolah Kebangsaan Paya Kemunting, Jitra, Kedah.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematic (STEM) program was conducted at SK Paya Kemunting (SKPK), Jitra, Kedah in collaboration with FKTE, FKTEN & IEEE UniMAP. Various exhibitions, games & STEM-based activities were held involving the participation of 290 level 2 students from SKPK. The program's objective is to cultivate students' interest in STEM. The Deputy Director of PPD Kubang Pasu also attended the program. Congratulations to the faculty, staffs involved and the management of SKPK. This program is a part of out university social responsibility (USR).

Joined Ekspo Rekacipta UniMAP (EREKA 2023)

I joined the EREKA (Ekspo Rekacipta UniMAP) competition, which was organized by the Centre for Innovation and Commercialization (CIC) UniMAP with the cooperation of the Office of Deputy Vise Chancellor for Research and Innovation, UniMAP. The competition was conducted from 10th to 12th March 2023. 

My innovation project title is "W-AIFaMS - Wireless Artificial Intelligence Based Fault Monitoring System".

My innovation project has been awarded with GOLD medal. 

Industrial Visit to HVDC Converter Station, Gurun, Kedah

HVDC Converter Station, Gurun, Kedah is a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical power conversion station located in the Malaysian state of Kedah. It converts alternating current (AC) electricity generated by power plants into direct current (DC) electricity for long-distance transmission, and vice versa. HVDC technology is used to transmit large amounts of electrical power over long distances with minimal power loss.

This converter station is located in Gurun, Kedah and is connected to converter station at Khlong Ngae, Thailand through 300 kV DC transmission line. This HVDC grid connection increase the power system stability and security for the grid at North region of Peninsular Malaysia by connecting the grid of both countries. 

Best Paper Award at ICE4CT 2022

I have presented my research paper entitled "Neural Network based Transmission Line Fault Classifier and Locator using Sequence Values" at 4th International Conference on Emerging Electrical Energy, Electronics and Computing Technologies 2022. May paper has been selected as one of Best Paper for the conference. 

Successfully Organized the 3rd International Conference on Science, Engineering, and Technology (ICSET2023)

 Alhamdulillah..

We have successfully organized the 3rd International Conference on Science, Engineering, and Technology (ICSET2023) which was held at Raia Hotel, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia from 22nd to 23rd June 2023. For this conference, I acted as the secretary. The accepted and presented papers will be submitted to AIP Conference Proceedings or Scopus indexed journals. The conference has been conducted in hybrid mode which combine the physical and online presentations. In this conference, I also presented a research paper.

Basic Components Of A Protection System

There are several basic components of a protection system as listed below:

CT (current transformer) 

• Convert the primary current to secondary current and transmit the secondary current to protective relay.

VT (voltage transformer)

• Convert the primary voltage to secondary voltage and transmit the secondary voltage to protective relay.

Protective relay 

• Detect and locate the fault and send a trip signal to the circuit breaker.
• When a fault occurred, the relay will operate by closing the relay contact to complete the trip circuit.

Battery / DC system

• To supply the power for the relay and also to the trip circuit.

Trip coil

• As the trip coil of the circuit breaker energized, the CB operating mechanism actuated and will make the CB to open and isolate the fault.